Tobar Rainbow Humming Top Traditional Spinning Toy

Product Information

a b c d e f g Venable, G.X.; Gahm, K.; Prum, R.O. (June 2022). "Hummingbird plumage color diversity exceeds the known gamut of all other birds". Communications Biology. 5 (1): 576. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03518-2. PMC 9226176. PMID 35739263. Estimates of overall dietary makeup for hummingbirds vary, but insectivory is often cited as comprising 5-15% of feeding time budgets, typically; [174] [175] [185] 2-12% is a figure that is also cited. [179] [180] In one study, 84% of feeding time was allotted to nectar feeding if breeding females are included, and 89% otherwise; 86% of total feeding records were on nectar. [177] [185] It has been estimated, based on time budgets and other data, that the hummingbird diet is generally about 90% nectar and 10% arthropods by mass. [174] [186] As their nestlings consume only arthropods, and possibly because their own requirements increase, breeding females spend 3-4 times as long as males foraging for arthropods, although 65-70% of their feeding time is still devoted to nectar. [175] Estimates for overall insectivory can be as low as <5%. Such low numbers have been documented for some species; insects comprised 3% of foraging attempts for Peruvian shining sunbeams in one study, [187] while the purple-throated carib has been reported to spend <1% of time consuming insects in Dominica. [183] Both species also have more typical numbers recorded elsewhere, however. Overall, for most hummingbirds, insectivory is an essential and regular, albeit minor, component of the diet, while nectar is the primary feeding focus when conditions allow. [174] [183] It has been shown that floral abundance (but not floral diversity) influences hummingbird diversity, but that arthropod abundance does not (i.e., that it is non-limiting). [176] [178] Tobalske, Bret W.; Altshuler, Douglas L.; Powers, Donald R. (March 2004). "Take-off mechanics in hummingbirds (Trochilidae)". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 207 (Pt 8): 1345–52. doi: 10.1242/jeb.00889. PMID 15010485. S2CID 12323960. As calculated by displacement of body size, the rufous hummingbird makes perhaps the longest migratory journey of any bird in the world. At just over 3 inches (7.6cm) long, rufous hummingbirds travel 3,900 miles (6,300km) one-way from Alaska to Mexico in late summer, a distance equal to 78,470,000 body lengths, then make the return journey in the following spring. [167] [171] By comparison, the 13 inches (33cm)-long Arctic tern makes a one-way flight of about 11,185 miles (18,001km), or 51,430,000 body lengths, just 65% of the body displacement during migration by rufous hummingbirds. [171]

Gould classifies tops into six main types: twirler, supported top, peg-top, whip-top, buzzer, and yo-yo. [5] a b c d e English, Simon G.; Bishop, Christine A.; Wilson, Scott; Smith, Adam C. (15 September 2021). "Current contrasting population trends among North American hummingbirds". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 18369. Bibcode: 2021NatSR..1118369E. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97889-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8443710. PMID 34526619. a b McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology. 56 (5): 837–856. doi: 10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID 17934998.Hummingbirds exhibit sexual size dimorphism according to Rensch's rule, [63] in which males are smaller than females in small-bodied species, and males are larger than females in large-bodied species. [64] The extent of this sexual size difference varies among clades of hummingbirds. [64] [65] For example, the Mellisugini clade (bees) exhibits a large size dimorphism, with females being larger than males. [65] Conversely, the Lesbiini clade (coquettes) displays very little size dimorphism; males and females are similar in size. [65] The Gibson Hummingbird is an acoustic guitar model described as having the shape of a hummingbird by Gibson Brands, a major guitar manufacturer. [232]

Some species of sunbirds — an Old World group restricted in distribution to Eurasia, Africa, and Australia — resemble hummingbirds in appearance and behavior, [27] but are not related to hummingbirds, as their resemblance is due to convergent evolution. [28] Hummingbird kidneys also have a unique ability to control the levels of electrolytes after consuming nectars with high amounts of sodium and chloride or none, indicating that kidney and glomerular structures must be highly specialized for variations in nectar mineral quality. [111] Morphological studies on Anna's hummingbird kidneys showed adaptations of high capillary density in close proximity to nephrons, allowing for precise regulation of water and electrolytes. [110] [112] Hemoglobin adaptation to altitude [ edit ]

Our Picks For The Top Spinning Tops

a b Junker, Robert R.; Blüthgen, Nico; Brehm, Tanja; Binkenstein, Julia; Paulus, Justina; Martin Schaefer, H. & Stang, Martina (13 December 2012). "Specialization on traits as basis for the niche‐breadth of flower visitors and as structuring mechanism of ecological networks". Functional Ecology. 27 (2): 329–341. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12005. Behaviorally, the trill serves several purposes: It announces the sex and presence of a male bird; it provides audible aggressive defense of a feeding territory and an intrusion tactic; it enhances communication of a threat; and it favors mate attraction and courtship. [166] Migration [ edit ] a b c d e f g h McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078. The Jean Shepherd story "Scut Farkas and the Murderous Mariah" revolves around top-spinning in the fictional Depression-era American city of Hohman, Indiana. The bully and the named top in the title are challenged by Shepherd's ongoing protagonist Ralph and a so-called "gypsy top" of similar design to Mariah named Wolf. [10] Maxwell took this a step further by using a circular scale around the rim with which to measure the ratios of the primaries, choosing vermilion, emerald, and ultramarine. [4] Spinning methods [ edit ] Finger twirling [ edit ]

Brusatte, SL; O'Connor, JK; Jarvis, ED (October 2015). "The origin and diversification of birds". Current Biology. 25 (19): R888–98. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.003. PMID 26439352. S2CID 3099017. Dalsgaard, Bo; Martín González, Ana M.; Olesen, Jens M.; etal. (2009). "Plant-hummingbird interactions in the West Indies: Floral specialisation gradients associated with environment and hummingbird size". Oecologia. 159 (4): 757–766. Bibcode: 2009Oecol.159..757D. doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1255-z. PMID 19132403. S2CID 35922888. Egg Hammer 3 · Egg Ball No.2 · Egg Foot · Egg Cube · Egg Chaser · Egg Pinball · Egg Gravity · Hyper Eggrobo · Ultimate Gemerl Hummingbirds have the highest metabolism of all vertebrate animals – a necessity to support the rapid beating of their wings during hovering and fast forward flight. [6] [91] During flight and hovering, oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue in a hummingbird is about 10 times higher than that measured in elite human athletes. [5] Hummingbirds achieve this extraordinary capacity for oxygen consumption by an exceptional density and proximity of capillaries and mitochondria in their flight muscles. [92] Jaramillo, A.; Barros, R. (2010). "Species lists of birds for South American countries and territories: Chile".Moisset, Beatriz (2022). "Hummingbird moth (Hemaris spp.)". Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2 August 2022. The high metabolic rate of hummingbirds – especially during rapid forward flight and hovering – produces increased body heat that requires specialized mechanisms of thermoregulation for heat dissipation, which becomes an even greater challenge in hot, humid climates. [104] Hummingbirds dissipate heat partially by evaporation through exhaled air, and from body structures with thin or no feather covering, such as around the eyes, shoulders, under the wings ( patagia), and feet. [105] [106]

In Sonic Advance 3, the Hop Jump returned as Sonic and Amy's Long Wind Jump maneuver, and one of their Special Actions. [2] [3] Here, Sonic's Humming Top look like it did in Sonic Advance 2, except its winds are white instead of blue. Amy's is visually unchanged. Clark, C.J.; Dudley, R. (2009). "Flight costs of long, sexually selected tails in hummingbirds". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1664): 2109–115. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0090. PMC 2677254. PMID 19324747. While all hummingbirds depend on flower nectar to fuel their high metabolisms and hovering flight, coordinated changes in flower and bill shape stimulated the formation of new species of hummingbirds and plants. Due to this exceptional evolutionary pattern, as many as 140 hummingbird species can coexist in a specific region, such as the Andes range. [42] Mt. Umunhum in the Santa Cruz Mountains of Northern California is Ohlone for "resting place of the hummingbird". [231] The ubiquity of spinning tops lends to the fact that the toy is used to name many living things such as Cyclosa turbinata, whose name comes from the Latin roots for spinning top.Rico-Guevara, A.; Araya-Salas, M. (2015). "Bills as daggers? A test for sexually dimorphic weapons in a lekking hummingbird". Behavioral Ecology. 26 (1): 21–29. doi: 10.1093/beheco/aru182. a b c d e f g h i j k Stonich, Kathryn (26 April 2021). "Hummingbirds of the United States: A Photo List of All Species". American Bird Conservancy . Retrieved 7 March 2023.