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Sports Attendance, Australia, April 1999". Abs.gov.au. 20 December 1999. Archived from the original on 9 September 2011 . Retrieved 19 February 2010. Public schools' dominance of sports in the UK began to wane after the Factory Act of 1850, which significantly increased the recreation time available to working class children. Before 1850, many British children had to work six days a week, for more than twelve hours a day. From 1850, they could not work before 6a.m. (7a.m. in winter) or after 6p.m. on weekdays (7p.m. in winter); on Saturdays they had to cease work at 2pm. These changes meant that working class children had more time for games, including various forms of football. Where Is Rugby the Most Popular Among Students: Comparison of US and UK Student Leagues | Love Rugby League". 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021 . Retrieved 17 December 2020. Rugby chronology". Museum of Rugby. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008 . Retrieved 24 April 2006. The offense has four tries, called downs, to move the ball at least 10 yards. If the offense fails to do this, the other team gets the ball. If the offense does move the ball 10 yards or more, it gets another four downs. This continues until the offense scores, the defense takes away the ball, or time runs out.

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Walking football – players are restricted to walking, to facilitate participation by older and less mobile playersIn Europe, early footballs were made out of animal bladders, more specifically pig's bladders, which were inflated. Later leather coverings were introduced to allow the balls to keep their shape. [81] However, in 1851, Richard Lindon and William Gilbert, both shoemakers from the town of Rugby (near the school), exhibited both round and oval-shaped balls at the Great Exhibition in London. Richard Lindon's wife is said to have died of lung disease caused by blowing up pig's bladders. [a] Lindon also won medals for the invention of the "Rubber inflatable Bladder" and the "Brass Hand Pump". Rugby Football History". rugbyfootballhistory.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018 . Retrieved 7 November 2019. Universal football – a hybrid of Australian rules and rugby league, trialled in Sydney in 1933. [158] Thanks must go to the team behind the team - everyone at Walker Books with extra special thanks to Laurelie Bazin and Faith Leung (for her expert colouring in!)

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Games played in Mesoamerica with rubber balls by indigenous peoples are also well-documented as existing since before this time, but these had more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and no links have been found between such games and modern football sports. Northeastern American Indians, especially the Iroquois Confederation, played a game which made use of net racquets to throw and catch a small ball; however, although it is a ball-goal foot game, lacrosse (as its modern descendant is called) is likewise not usually classed as a form of "football". [ citation needed] Oceania Magee, Jonathan; Caudwell, Jayne; Liston, Kate; Scraton, Sheila, eds. (2007). Women, Football and Europe: Histories, Equity and Experience. International Football Institute Series. Vol.1. Meyer & Meyer Sport. ISBN 978-1-84126-225-3. Archived from the original on 27 February 2023 . Retrieved 23 July 2018.In each of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, one football code is known solely as "football", while the others generally require a qualifier. In New Zealand, "football" historically referred to rugby union, but more recently may be used unqualified to refer to association football. The sport meant by the word "football" in Australia is either Australian rules football or rugby league, depending on local popularity (which largely conforms to the Barassi Line). In francophone Quebec, where Canadian football is more popular, the Canadian code is known as le football while American football is known as le football américain and association football is known as le soccer. [129]