Tempo Regular Menthol Tissues x 1

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The estimated lethal dose for menthol (and peppermint oil) in humans may be as low as 50–500mg/kg, (LD50 Acute: 3300mg/kg [Rat]. 3400mg/kg [Mouse]. 800mg/kg [Cat]). The two crystal forms for racemic menthol have melting points of 28°C and 38°C. Pure (−)-menthol has four crystal forms, of which the most stable is the α form, the familiar broad needles. The animal study was reviewed and approved by the Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University (Approval Number: ES02/2020). Author Contributions

TRPM8 receptor and menthol in pain management - ScienceDirect TRPM8 receptor and menthol in pain management - ScienceDirect

When refilling ensure the plug is disconnected from the power supply and that the unit has been allowed to cool. Sepsis is a complex and serious complication in postoperative critical care patients, mainly because of infection. It is a major cause of ICU patient morbidity as well as mortality ( 1, 2). The condition is characterized by multiple organ damage, with the kidneys and the lungs being the most vulnerable organs ( 3). About 50% of patients with sepsis may experience acute kidney (AKI) and lung injuries (ALI). Despite all improved and labored treatment strategies to medicate sepsis patients, the mortality rate for patients with AKI and ALI is at alarming levels (up to 70%) ( 4, 5). Thus, the research aiming to identify novel therapies and prevention approaches, which should be both effective and safe, is a pressing need for sepsis management. Menthol's ability to chemically trigger the cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the skin is responsible for the well-known cooling sensation it provokes when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin. [3] In this sense, it is similar to capsaicin, the chemical responsible for the spiciness of hot chilis (which stimulates heat sensors, also without causing an actual change in temperature).Galeotti, N.; Mannelli, L. D. C.; Mazzanti, G.; Bartolini, A.; Ghelardini, C.; Di Cesare, Mannelli (2002). "Menthol: a natural analgesic compound". Neurosci. Lett. 322 (3): 145–148. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02527-7. PMID 11897159. S2CID 33979563. Eccles, R. (1994). "Menthol and Related Cooling Compounds". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 46 (8): 618–630. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03871.x. PMID 7529306. S2CID 20568911.

Frontiers | The Severity of Acute Kidney and Lung Injuries

Atkinson, R. W.; Yoshida, H. (1882). "On peppermint camphor (menthol) and some of its derivatives". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 41: 49. doi: 10.1039/CT8824100049. The (+)- and (−)- enantiomers of menthol are the most stable among these based on their cyclohexane conformations. With the ring itself in a chair conformation, all three bulky groups can orient in equatorial positions.

Oppenheim, A. (1861). "Note sur le camphre de menthe"[On the camphor of mint]. Comptes Rendus. 53: 379–380. Les analogies avec le bornéol me permettent de proposer pour ce corps le nom de menthol,… [Analogies with borneol allow me to propose the name menthol for this substance,…] Lastly, some researchers think that cigarettes with menthol might increase the risk of becoming addicted to smoking and might be more toxic than regular cigarettes. Nicotine replacement products used to stop smoking work for menthol cigarette smokers as well. In our study, rats subjected to CLP showed a significant elevation of both ROS and TNF-α, which justifies the increased expression of active caspase-3 within lung and kidney tissues and explains the observed functional deterioration. Meanwhile, menthol effectively mitigated apoptosis, which is clear from our data showing the reduction in the lung and kidney expression of caspase-3. In our study, menthol inhibited the sepsis-induced reduction of tissue Bcl2 levels, parallel to menthol-induced tissue protection and improved survival. The protective effects of Bcl2 against acute lung injury might explain the protective effects of menthol in the current work. A recent study showed that besides the antiapoptotic function of Bcl2, its overexpression inhibits mitophagy via modulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in a model of acute lung injury ( 69). Moreover, the enhanced expression of Bcl2 induced by menthol in septic rats may explain its ability to improve the pulmonary epithelial barrier. Although further elucidation of this effect is required, the recent findings of Otani et al. ( 70) support it. Their results suggested that the upregulation of Bcl2 counteracts the dysregulated permeability of intestinal cells in a mouse CLP model. Further, other researchers ( 71) recently proposed a relation between blood Bcl2 levels and survival in septic patients. Thus, the modulatory effect of menthol, and possibly other TRPM8 agonists, on Bcl2 expression and function, and its effect on the prognosis of sepsis is intriguing and needs further investigation. a b Croteau, R. B.; Davis, E. M.; Ringer, K. L.; Wildung, M. R. (December 2005). "(−)-Menthol biosynthesis and molecular genetics". Naturwissenschaften. 92 (12): 562–577. Bibcode: 2005NW.....92..562C. doi: 10.1007/s00114-005-0055-0. PMID 16292524. S2CID 206871270.