Star images 55062 du Replica Stunt Puppet, Multi-Colored, 12 inches

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Sepia officinalis appears to be sensitive to light. Under a bright light in Plymouth Marine Laboratory, the species buried themselves under gravel at the bottom of the tank. Under artificial light, that mirrored natural diffused daylight, adults showed increases in density (Denton & Gilpin-Brown, 1961). However, burying did not occur all the time during the periods of light exposure. If large cuttlefish were hungry, or if two males were in the same tank, they entered mid-water and remained there even under high light intensity. Cuttlefish have a soft, unarmoured body making them vulnerable to damage and injury (Hanlon & Messenger, 1991; Cooke & Tonkins, 2015). The cuttlebone is able to repair itself and maintains buoyancy so that cuttlefish can withstand a certain amount of internal bone injury (Boletzky & Overath, 1991). The ETT has an angle or slant known as a bevel to facilitate placement through the vocal cords and to provide improved visualization ahead of the tip. As the endotracheal tube approaches the cords, the left-facing bevel provides an optimal view.

Benchmark. Exposure to dissolved oxygen concentration of less than or equal to 2 mg/l for oneweek (a change from WFD poor status to bad status). Further detail ETTs have a built-in safety mechanism at the distal tip known as Murphy's eye, which is another opening in the tube positioned in the distal lateral wall. If the distal end of the ETT should become obstructed by the wall of the trachea or by touching the carina, gas flow can still occur via Murphy'seye. This prevents complete obstruction of the tube.Sensitivity assessment. Sepia officinalis appear to be relatively tolerant to microbial infections but once damaged due to trauma appear less resistant, resulting in a score of ‘ Medium’. Recovery is probably ‘ Medium’ and sensitivity is, therefore ‘ Medium’. Sensitivity assessment. Sepia officinalis appear to be able to withstand high temperatures. However, for an extended period of time, it could affect their behaviour, development and recruitment. Therefore, resistance is scored as ‘ Medium’. Resilience is likely to be ‘ Medium’ and sensitivity is, therefore, ‘ Medium’.

Beuerlein, K. & Schipp, R., 1998. Cytomorphological aspects on the response of the branchial heart complex of Sepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda) to xenobiotics and bacterial infection. Tissue and Cell, 30(6), 662-671. Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre, 2017. BRERC species records within last 15 years. Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/vntgox accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-25.Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 2018. Mollusc (marine) data for Great Britain and Ireland - restricted access. Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/4bsawx accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-25. Sensitivity assessment.Resistance is therefore likely to be ‘ High’. Resilience is probably ‘ High’ and sensitivity is, therefore ‘ Not sensitive’. Benchmark.MSFD indicator levels (SEL or peak SPL) exceeded for 20% of days in a calendar year. Further detail Turan, C& Yaglioglu, D, 2010. Population identification of common cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis) inferred from genetic, morphometric and cuttlebone chemistry data in the NE Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 74, 77-86.