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They are designated as above also including the pitch of thread in mm e.g. M8 × 1, M14 × 1.5, M27 × 2 etc.
Nuts and bolts are essential fastenings, critical in the safe assembly of machinery, equipment, furniture and much more. In most circumstances, it’s absolutely vital that the right size of fastening is used. In this brief guide we provide an introduction to standard ISO metric sizes for nuts and bolts which will hopefully help dispel any confusion. BS3643 Parts 1&2 d m is the mean of the across points and across flats dimensions of the bolt head or the nut, whichever is smaller. Metric nuts and bolts are commonly referenced using ‘M’ sizes, for example: M3, M8, M12. But the size of a metric fastener is more accurately specified using diameter, pitch and length dimensions, in millimeters. For nuts the size dimensions used are simply diameter and pitch. Minimum end distance, edge distance, and spacing for bolt fasteners according to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.3 (rounded up to nearest mm)
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The resulting hole diameter d 0 for each type of hole (normal, oversize, short slotted, long slotted) is determined by adding the nominal clearance given in EN 1090-2 Table 11 to the nominal diameter d of the bolt. The nominal gross area A g corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the bolt: M2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2) Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γ M2 = 1.25. class- stamp/meter/account (Including Royal Mail Signed For ® sent as 1st class) Online Postage, Articles for the Blind
According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the shear strength of the bolt may be based on the tensile stress area. The yield strength f yb and the ultimate tensile strength f ub for bolt classes 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, and 10.9 are given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.1.The tensile stress area A s corresponds to the reduced cross-sectional area inside the threaded part of the bolt. The punching resistance of the bolt B p,Rd should be verified against the applied tensile load F t,Ed in accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4: The interaction between shear and tension is expressed in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 according to the following linear relation: A is the appropriate area for shear resistance. When the shear plane passes through the threaded part of the bolt A is equal to the tensile stress area of the bolt A s. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded part of the bolt A is equal to the gross cross-sectional area of the bolt A g.
where e 1 is the distance between the center of the end bolt and the end of the plate measured parallel to the load direction, p 1 is the distance between the centers of neighboring bolts measured parallel to the load direction, and d 0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.
The following table provides examples of clearance hole sizes, standard or coarse thread pitches along with fine thread pitches and their corresponding tapping hole sizes. Metric clearance and tapping drill hole sizes. Size According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the bearing resistance F b,Rd for bolts in holes other than normal should be multiplied by the following reduction factors: Oversized holes = 0.8, slotted holes with longitudinal axis perpendicular to the load transfer direction = 0.6. As noted, the specification of metric bolts includes the definition of thread pitch, but if this is omitted then a coarse pitch is assumed. Metric fasteners are available with either coarse or fine thread pitches with some metric bolt sizes offering extra fine thread pitch options. It is worth noting that metric bolts with a coarse thread pitch have more threads per inch (they are more closely spaced) than comparable imperial bolts. List of common metric bolt sizes. Metric Coarse Thread lengths listed are a guide value for bolts under 125mm. For bolts longer than 125mm and shorter than 200mm add additional 6mm of thread. A set screw fastens materials together by twisting it directly through the last component, into a pre-threaded hole, pulling everything together. A shoulder bolt fastens materials by passing them through pre drilled holes in the adjoining materials and cramping them between the head at one end and a nut on the other. Additional washers are often used to spread the load further. A set screw is fully threaded from underneath the head and a bolt is partially threaded (has a part-plain shank). A bolt is used when you know the length you need and a set screw can be used as a bolt if you need more flexibility in the length.
where e 2 is the distance between the center of the edge bolt and the end of the plate measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction, p 2 is the distance between the centers of neighboring bolts measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction, and d 0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.When it’s necessary to cut a thread then the hole size needs to be a smaller diameter to allow for the thread to be tapped. The necessary tapping hole size can be easily calculated by deducting the thread pitch from the metric bolt diameter. For example, an M8 bolt with a standard coarse thread pitch of 1.25mm would require a hole of 6.75mm diameter to be tapped. But if the M8 bolt had a fine pitch thread of 1mm then the diameter of the hole required for tapping would be 7mm. v is a coefficient that takes values α v = 0.6 for bolt classes 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 or α v = 0.5 for bolt classes 4.8, 5.8, 6.8 and 10.9. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded part of the bolt α v = 0.6. China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Phillipines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, UAE
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