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Given the concentration of both biophysical and socio-economic issues that characterise Cameroon’s coastal zones, adaptation is necessary if the population need to continuously live in this environment. The implementation of an integrated coastal zone management policy to inform risk, ensure prevention, protection and repair is a vital component of adaptation. This paper aims to question the risk management policies related to coastline recession by public authorities in Cameroon and in Kribi in particular. More specifically, the aim is to determine the political and legal framework of coastal risk management in Cameroon, to identify the actors and their roles, to determine the actions that are envisaged and implemented as well as their impacts on the evolution of risks linked to the retreat of the coastline in Kribi. The Ministry of Tourism and Leisure (MINTOUL) is responsible for the elaboration of national policy in the field of tourism. Its activities should be intense in coastal cities where the tourism sector is a key element of the economy and results in various types of development (hotels, restaurants, etc.) on the seafront with a more or less serious impact on the evolution of the coastline. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Scientific Basis—Summary for Policymakers.

Multiple initiatives have been developed by the State of Cameroon with the support, in some cases, of development partners for the integrated management of coastal zones, including: “the Grand Ecosystème Marin du Courant de Guinée” (GEM-CG) project ( MINEP, 2011); the National Action Plan for the Management of Marine and Coastal Zones ( MINEP, 2010); the National Strategy for the Management of Mangroves and Other Coastal Ecosystems in Cameroon; and the National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change ( MINEPDED, 2015). The heart's desire number, or soul number, is yet another aspect of numerology. For the name Ghjhgj, the heart's desire number is 0 The coastal zone is an attractive, densely populated area that is particularly sensitive to the effects of climate change ( Noblet, 2015). Although there are widely varying figures on the distribution of the world’s population near the coasts, the global trend is towards a concentration of populations on the coasts ( Meur-Ferec, 2006). This permanent anthropic pressure towards the coasts is manifested by the urbanisation of the shores and the settlement of populations in areas often associated with high disaster risks ( Tricot, 2012). Human developments that generate significant impacts on coastal natural systems represent an element of exacerbation of the instability of this fragile environment reinforcing vulnerability to hazards by influencing the dynamics of the coastal system ( Weissenberger & Chouinard, 2015). Thus, the coast is a very particular territory in terms of risks. The multiplicity of natural phenomena to which it is subjected, the diversity and number of activities and human facilities that develop there give it a specific level and nature of vulnerability ( Meur-Ferec, 2006). This intrinsic vulnerability of coastal areas is exacerbated by climate change, which is reflected in particular in the rise in sea level, the impacts of which threaten the well-being of the populations living there. The IPCC (2014) estimates that low-lying coastal areas are at risk of death, injury, disease, disruption of livelihoods, deterioration of infrastructure networks and essential services due to storm surges, coastal flooding, and sea level rise. Furthermore, a strong causal link between mortality and water height during rapid flooding such as marine submersion has been demonstrated ( Vinet et al., 2011). Ghjghj is a free spirit, always seeking change, adventure, and excitement. The nucleus around which their life revolves is freedom, just like a bird needs its wings to survive, they need freedom for their very survival. The town of Kribi, which constitutes our study area, is located in the southern part of the Cameroonian coastline. The particular interest given to this zone is explained by the fact that the Kribi coast is undoubtedly the one in Cameroon that has the most future, whether in terms of tourism or industrial development ( Kuété& Assongmo, 2008). This coastline has been heavily used in recent years by development activities, particularly structuring infrastructures (Kribi deep-water port) which interfere with the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the coastal system and reinforce beach erosion. Thus, the current relatively degraded environmental state of this coastline presages major difficulties in adapting in the event of a rise in sea level, if no measures are taken to protect it from this inevitable phenomenon.

Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection of Cameroon (2011). Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Kribi-Campo Region of Cameroon. The above-mentioned regulation is implemented by several categories of actors acting at various levels and sectors of activity. management (ICZM) for the Kribi-Campo region in Cameroon; the national action plan for the management of marine and coastal zones; the national strategy for the sustainable management of mangroves and other coastal ecosystems; and the national plan for adaptation to climate change. These documents were obtained through internet searches, consultation of documents from public and private services such as the Mission d’Étude pour l’Aménagement de l’Océan (MEAO) in Kribi.

https://minepded.gov.cm/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/LAW-NO.-9612-OF-05-AUGUST-1996-RELATING-TO-ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT.pdf. The Numerology Number of the name Ghjghj is 5. Numerology is a practice that assigns numerical values to letters in a name to determine the significance of the name. The private sector includes economic operators with interests in the coastal fringe of Cameroon and whose activities have a greater or lesser influence on the environment. It should be noted that other actors such as the traditional authorities and Cameroon’s International Development Partners (FAO, GEF, UNDP, etc.) are also involved in the implementation of these activities. In summary, a political, legal and institutional framework for coastal zone management exists in Cameroon. However, initiatives designed to promote integrated coastal zone management are having difficulty in its implementation. This situation is due to the complexity of the institutional and legal framework for the implementation of these initiatives. It is therefore necessary to develop integrated management strategies that take into account the role of each institution and that clearly define an effective mechanism for intervention and coordination between actors. Also, the analysis of these different programmes and projects actually carried out in the field shows that the risks linked to coastal erosion and marine submersion are poorly taken into account in favour of the protection of mangrove ecosystems, whose impacts are mixed.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and ratified by Cameroon on 19 October 1994. The convention also refers to coastal areas as a sensitive ecosystem. In its preamble, the importance of the sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases constituted by terrestrial and marine ecosystems is noted, as well as the adverse effects of a possible rise in sea level on islands and coastal areas. The convention encourages the rational management and conservation of carbon sinks and reservoirs, particularly the oceans and coastal and marine ecosystems, through the preparation and design of appropriate and integrated plans for the management of coastal zones ( Nyogok, 2008). These initiatives are national in scope and have a strategic planning function to guide the implementation of concrete projects at local level. Sayer, J. A., Harcourt, C. S., & Collins, N. M. (1992). The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forest: Africa. IUCN, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 288 p. Several conventions have been adopted and ratified by Cameroon for the integrated and sustainable management of marine and terrestrial coastal ecosystems, including: the Convention on the Protection of Wetlands of International Importance; the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Many initiatives have been developed by the State of Cameroon with the support in some cases of development partners for the integrated management of coastal zones. A distinction is made between initiatives with a national scope and those with a local scope.