Early animal studies have found that jujube extract may interact with some seizure medications, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone. BioMedicine (Taipei): “Investigation the effect of jujube seed capsule on sleep quality of postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.” Figure 5B elucidated the MDA accumulation in jujube during 15-day cold storage. At day 0, the MDA content of jujube in CAP-treated groups was reduced and displayed a time-dependent manner. Then, at day 5, the MDA concentration of jujube in control was not changed, while of that in CAP5 and CAP10 was further decreased, and of that in CAP20 start increasing as compared to day 0. As compared to CAP5 and CAP20, the MDA content of jujube in CAP10 was continually increased but still lower than that of control from days 10 to 15 ( p< 0.05). Discussion All data were collected, recorded, and calculated by Excel 2016. Every figure was plotted using Origin 8.5, 2019b version. Moreover, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tools including least-significant difference (LSD) and Waller-Duncan were used to compare and label statistically differences between groups. The results were recorded as mean ± SD (standard deviation) and p< 0.05 represented the significant differences. Results Surface Morphology Ziziphus jujuba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T63538A12688176. 2007. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63538A12688176.en . Retrieved 25 April 2021.

Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China

Initiatives

On his visit to Medina, the 19th-century English explorer, Sir Richard Burton, observed that the local variety of jujube fruit was widely eaten. He describes its taste as like "a bad plum, an unripe cherry, and an insipid apple". He gives the local names for three varieties as "Hindi (Indian), Baladi (native), Tamri (date-like)." [22] A hundred years ago, a close variety was common in the Jordan valley and around Jerusalem. [23] The bedouin valued the fruit, calling it nabk. It could be dried and kept for winter or made into a paste which was used as bread. [24] Three ounces of jujube are estimated to have between 275 and 541 milligrams of phenols. The next best source is cherries, with about 114 milligrams per 3 ounces. The main cause of chronic illnesses and acute illnesses is due to the presence of free radicals and toxic substances in the body. But thanks to the antioxidant properties of jujube, your body can stay clean and free radical cell-free. Also, the presence of Vitamin C in jujube regulates the production of neutrophils, which is responsible to protect your immune system. 8. Controls Obesity This section needs additional medical references for verification. Please help improve this article by adding appropriate references. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. So far, various approaches that include food additives, fungicides, and special gas have been developed to retain nutrition, reduce decay, and prolonged shelf life of jujube as far as possible. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) ( 6), melatonin (MET) ( 7), natamycin (NATA) ( 8), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) ( 9), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) ( 10), oligochitosan (OCH) ( 11), essential mineral (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se) mixture ( 12), carbon monoxide (CO) ( 13), nitric oxide (NO) ( 14), and even their combinations were used to enhance antioxidant nutrients, delay senescence, and suppress pathogenic fungi of jujube during postharvest storage ( 15– 18). Moreover, it also has been reported that low temperature (0°C) could be used to delay ripening rate, improve antioxidant levels, and maintain storage quality of jujube ( 19). Nevertheless, long-term usage of fungicides and pesticides will lead to a negative effect to produce more drug-resistant pathogens. To some extent, residual chemical fungicides located on the surface or inside of fruit will endanger human health. Therefore, the discovery of alternative, easy controlled, lower energy consumption, fruit safe, and environment friendly approaches to preserve the postharvest quality and delay senescence during transportation and storage of jujube are required.

The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/ Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors. Author ContributionsIn Croatia, especially Dalmatia, jujubes are used in marmalades, juices, and rakija (fruit brandy). Gut health: One study demonstrated jujube could provide protection against inflammatory bowel disease, like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030313305), Natural Science Foundation of China (81804052), Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project (JSGG20191129102216637 and ZDSYS201606081515458), Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (20201320) to JC. Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (ZDSYS201707281432317; JCYJ20170413173747440; JCYJ20180306174903174), China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (2019M653087), Zhongshan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (ZSST20SC03); Guangzhou Science and Technology Committee Research Grant (GZSTI16SC02; GZSTI17SC02); Hong Kong RGC Theme-based Research Scheme (T13-605/18-W); Hong Kong Innovation Technology Fund (UIM/340, UIM/385, ITS/500/18FP; TCPD/17-9); TUYF19SC02, PD18SC01 and HMRF18SC06 to KT. Conflict of Interest The commercial jujube candy popular in movie theaters originally contained jujube juice but now uses other flavorings. As seen in Figure 3, the result demonstrated that 5-, 10-, and 20-min CAP treatment all have no impacts on TAB count as compared to control. This may be due to 200 μl L –1 sodium hypochlorite displayed a brilliant disinfect effect on Jujube and then, the TAB count stood in a safe range ( 35). Our result was in good agreement with the finding of Won et al., who formulated that P. italicum were reduced by microwave-powered cold plasms from 96.6 to 85.0 and 16.0% with an independent input power manner ( 46). Furthermore, low/ice temperature environment is strictly unfavorable for bacteria growth and proliferation ( 47).

Jujube or sweet red dates are eaten throughout Asia - in desserts, soups and brewed as a tea. They are the fruits of the Ziziphus jujuba, and are also known as Chinese dates, Korean dates or natsume in Japanese. The jujube fruit ranges in shape from round to pear-shaped. It may be as small as a cherry or as big as a plum. It has a thin, edible skin and whitish flesh. When ripe, the fruit turns dark red. After turning fully red, the fruit begins to wrinkle and soften, but it is still edible. What Vitamins and Minerals Are in Jujube Fruit? Jujube fruit ( Ziziphus jujuba) is also known as the Chinese date, jujube, or red date. The plant is native to China and has been grown in the US for more than 175 years. Laboratory of Plasma Application Technology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaJujube fruit has been eaten and used in traditional medicine for over 3,000 years. Today, it is popular all over the world. According to the previous studies, H 2O 2 is a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stress response in the cells of fruit and vegetable when meet injure, whereas MDA is the main by-product of cell membrane lipid peroxidation in fruits ( 50). Thus, the H 2O 2 and MDA content can reflect the cell membrane permeability, degree of oxidative damage, and fruit aging. Our results showed that short-time CAP treatment could induce seriously the oxidative stress response and increase H 2O 2 content, whereas CAP treatment for a longer time would decrease H 2O 2 content ( Figure 5A). This may be due to longer time exposure can produce more ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which could effectively lead to serious stress response, so that improve the antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Rather, short-time treatment could only increase the H 2O 2 content and further damage the cell membrane and other tissues of fruits. Besides, the MDA content in our study was first decreased and then increased with a dynamically change trend ( Figure 5B). This may be due to CAP treatment not only improved the antioxidant enzymes activity, but also inhibited the lipid peroxidase enzyme expression in jujube during storage. Our results were identical to previous studies, which pointed out that dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment for 10 min can inactivate the litchi peroxidase (POD) to 47.16% ( 51). Conclusion

In addition, jujube was reported to contain numerous minerals, e.g., iron and vitamin. About 0.48mg iron and 69mg vitamin C per 100g of fresh fruit were reported ( Li et al., 2007; USDA, 2012). Thus, the daily intake of jujube could increase our dietary iron and vitamin, as to prevent anemia due to deficiency of iron or vitamin C. Moreover, cAMP was found to have high abundance in jujube, and surprisingly this content was much higher than other horticultural fruits ( Hanabusa et al., 1981). It is well accepted that increasing cAMP level can stimulate protein kinase A and, subsequently, which phosphorylates CREB ( Argyrousi et al., 2020). Besides, jujube cAMP has been found to possess anti-melancholic effect in animal model of depression ( Chi and Zhang, 2009). Thus, it is supposed that the cAMP in the jujube may account for its role on HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-dependent EPO induction. Jujube on Erythropoiesis Chico (also called GI 7-62) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the 1950s [18]May improve sleep. Chinese jujube is used in traditional medicine to help promote sleep. Early research suggests that this may be due to the antioxidant properties of the fruits. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to apply CAP pretreatment to delay ripening and senescence of jujube. Finally, our work will provide a theoretical support for proposing CAP as an effective storage and preservation strategy for jujube fruit. Materials and Methods Jujube Processing The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Supplementary Material In this study, three exposure times of CAP treatment have been used to delay the ripening and senescence of jujube during 15-day storage at 4°C and 90% RH. The results were evident that CAP treatment can reduce the postharvest quality losses and improve oxidative stress response of jujube. As shown in Figure 1, CAP treatment presented a time-dependent manner to postpone turning red and shrinking progress of jujube during 15-day storage. The result was in line with previous study which stated that cherry tomatoes pretreated by CAP activated water still displayed higher acceptable after storage for 14 days ( 40).