Hahn, Thomas, ed. (1995). "The Carle of Carlisle: Introduction". Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. ISBN 978-1-879288-59-1. Kittredge, George Lyman (1916). A study of Gawain and the Green Knight. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p.76. ISBN 9780674598973.

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Achan had been a slave all his life. Worse than a slave—a stray. He is consigned to the kitchens of a lord and forced to swallow a foul potion every day. When an enigmatic knight offers to train Achan for the Kingsguard, he readily accepts. But his new skills… a b Borroff, Marie; Howes, Laura L., eds. (2010). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: an authoritative translation, contexts, criticism (1sted.). New York: W.W. Norton. p.vii. ISBN 978-0393930252. Though the real name of the " Gawain Poet" (or poets) is unknown, some inferences about them can be drawn from an informed reading of their works. The manuscript of Gawain is known in academic circles as Cotton Nero A.x., following a naming system used by one of its owners, the 16th century Sir Robert Bruce Cotton, a collector of Medieval English texts. [4] Before the Gawain manuscript came into Cotton's possession, it was in the library of Henry Savile in Yorkshire. [5] Little is known about its previous ownership, and until 1824, when the manuscript was introduced to the academic community in a second edition of Thomas Warton's History, edited by Richard Price, it was almost entirely unknown. Even then, the Gawain poem was not published in its entirety until 1839, which is when it was given its present title. [6] [7] Now held in the British Library, it has been dated to the late 14th century, meaning the poet was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales, though it is unlikely that they ever met, and the Gawain poet's English is considerably different from Chaucer's. [8] The three other works found in the same manuscript as Gawain (commonly known as Pearl, Patience, and Cleanness or Purity) are often considered to be written by the same author. However, the manuscript containing these poems was transcribed by a copyist and not by the original poet. Although nothing explicitly suggests that all four poems are by the same poet, comparative analysis of dialect, verse form, and diction have pointed towards single authorship. [9] Rudd, Gillian (2013). " 'The Wilderness of Wirral' in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight". Arthuriana. 23 (1): 52–65. doi: 10.1353/art.2013.0005. ISSN 1934-1539. S2CID 162694555. a b Arner, Lynn (Summer 2006). "The Ends of Enchantment: Colonialism and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight". Texas Studies in Literature and Language. 48 (2): 79–101. doi: 10.1353/tsl.2006.0006. S2CID 162665486.I read Tammy Pierce’s books with my daughter in the years before I was published, never knowing that years later, I’d be teaching sword fighting and chatting with Tammy herself about swords and books. Similar stories [ edit ] The legendary Irish figure Cúchulainn faced a trial similar to Gawain's ( Cúchulain Slays the Hound of Culain by Stephen Reid, 1904). Old England, Vol 1 of 2 A Pictorial Museum of Regal, Ecclesiastical, Baronial, Municipal, and Popular Antiquities Classic Reprint Kel will not allow this first test to be her last. Her adventure begins in the New York Times bestselling series from the fantasy author who is a legend herself: TAMORA PIERCE.

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Hahn, Thomas, ed. (1995). "The Turke and Sir Gawain: Introduction". Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. ISBN 978-1-879288-59-1. Zeikowitz, Richard E. (2002). "Befriending the Medieval Queer: A Pedagogy for Literature Classes". College English. 65 (1): 67–80. doi: 10.2307/3250731. ISSN 0010-0994. JSTOR 3250731. At the heart of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the test of Gawain's adherence to the code of chivalry. The typical temptation fable of medieval literature presents a series of tribulations assembled as tests or "proofs" of moral virtue. The stories often describe several individuals' failures after which the main character is tested. [19] Success in the proofs will often bring immunity or good fortune. Gawain's ability to pass the tests of his host are of utmost importance to his survival, though he does not know it. It is only by fortuity or "instinctive-courtesy" that Sir Gawain can pass his test. [20] Gawain does not realise, however, that these tests are all orchestrated by the lord, Bertilak de Hautdesert. [21] Old England, Vol 1 A Pictorial Museum of Regal, Ecclesiastical, Baronial, Municipal, and Popular Antiquities Classic ReprintBesserman, Lawrence (1986). "The Idea of the Green Knight". ELH. 53 (2): 219–239. doi: 10.2307/2873255. ISSN 0013-8304. JSTOR 2873255. Burrow, J. A. (2020). A reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 9780367182908. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)