This velvety-smooth primer aims to reduce the appearance of pores, fine lines and uneven texture, helping your make-up to stay steadfast, wear for longer and look smoother too. Alpha hydroxy acids: (AHA) These a plant derived acids and are used in multiple skin care products, including toners, creams and serums. They are water soluble. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is found in many cosmetic products. HA is a natural substance that is found in the dermis of the skin and it is secreted by cells known as fibroblasts. Over time the production of HA is reduced, this is owing to factors that damage the skin including smoking, sun exposure and of course age will also play its role. HA is a very powerful humectant and 1g of HA can absorb or bind up to 1000g of water, meaning it’s an excellent moisturiser. HA can be found as creams, serums and in many injectable fillers. HA cream and serums however tend to remain in the epidermis (the outer layer of skin) and do not penetrate into the dermis (deeper layer). Lin FH, Lin JY, Gupta RD, et al. Ferulic acid stabilizes a solution of vitamins C and E and doubles its photoprotection of skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2005; 125 (4):826–832.

A number of studies that have looked into the claim of scar reduction, wound healing and burn healing have been disappointing and show no clear evidence of benefit (6). A study in 2004 looked at the effect of a gel containing phytonadione, (Vitamin K1), retinol and vitamin C & E on under eye dark circles and found that there was no clear evidence of a reduction of pigmentation in the 57 patients. They saw a slight reduction in wrinkles (likely secondary to the effects of the Retinol or vitamin C) (7). More studies are required to evaluate the effect of topical Vitamin E. Interesting factPetrolatum, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetearyl Alcohol, PEG-40 Hydrogenated, Castor Oil, Parfum, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, Aqua, Cera Alba, PEG-150 Distearate, Phenoxyethanol, Tocopherol, Polysorbate 20, Collagen Amino Acids, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Eucalyptus GlobulusLeaf Oil, Eugenia Caroyphyllus Leaf Oil, Potassium Sorbate, Ethylhexylglycerin, Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde, Benzyl Salicylate, Citral, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Hexyl cinnamic Aldehyde, Limonene, Linalool.

Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil (Chamomile): With both soothing and anti-oxidant properties, Chamomiles soothes the skin to a state of calm. Cosmeceutical based brand which harnesses the best current active ingredients on the market, clinically proven to have corrective results on your skin.Whilst soothing plant extracts such as Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract replenish the skins natural moisture. Impetigo is a bacterial infection of the surface of the skin. In the UK, it is the most common skin infection seen in young children, but may be seen in people of any age. Draelos ZD, Matsubara A, Smiles K. The effect of 2% niacinamide on facial sebum production. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2006 Jun;8(2):96-101. doi: 10.1080/14764170600717704. PMID: 16766489. There are some studies showing that retinols however do have an impact. A small study looked at comparing OTC retinol vs prescription strength retinoic acid. (4) After 12 weeks of application of OTC retinol (0.1%) a reduction in facial wrinkles was seen, this was of a lesser degree to what one would see with application of retinoic acid. Ive found the ultimate make up remover - if it can take off my Seymour make up it can do anything. ♬ just like magic - Ariana Grande

Light years ahead of ordinary skincare, Skin Doctors is not just another range of “fluffy moisturisers” but rather cosmeceutical strength preparations formulated to make a real, visible difference to the appearance of the skin. Skin Doctors is able to “bridge the gap” between ordinary skincare and cosmetic surgery and that is why many of the results have been compared to cosmetic surgical procedures.Another study in 2015 (5) showed retinol had improved crow's feet fine lines by 44%, and mottled pigmentation by 84%. Interesting fact Vitamin C is not produced endogenously and so needs to be part of our diet. However, there has been significant interest in the anti-ageing and protective effect of vitamin C when topically applied to the skin. More recently oral collagen supplements have become extremely popular as a mechanism to improve skin elasticity and slow down the ageing process. However, to date there is no convincing data to show that oral collagen has any benefit at all. Does it Work?