Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina, eds. (1995). J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-261-10322-1. a b Doughan, David (2002). "JRR Tolkien Biography". Life of Tolkien. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006. In 1951, Pamela found new studio premises at 33 Beauchamp Place, Knightsbridge, and this was to be her base for the principle part of her photographic career. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on 3 January 1892 in Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State (later annexed by the British Empire; now Free State Province in the Republic of South Africa), to Arthur Reuel Tolkien (1857–1896), an English bank manager, and his wife Mabel, néeSuffield (1870–1904). The couple had left England when Arthur was promoted to head the Bloemfontein office of the British bank for which he worked. Tolkien had one sibling, his younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel Tolkien, who was born on 17 February 1894. [9] She was also commissioned to take architectural photographs and these included some iconic buildings such as the Royal Festival Hall under construction, the Severn Road Bridge under construction, the interior of Gray’s Inn Library and St Columba’s Church in Pont Street, as well as many others.

tells of a beautiful, mysterious city destroyed by dark forces; Tolkien called it "the first real story" of Middle-earth. [150] [151] Birzer, Bradley J. (13 May 2014). J. R. R. Tolkien's Sanctifying Myth: Understanding Middle-earth. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-4976-4891-3. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Mabel Tolkien was received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1900 despite vehement protests by her Baptist family, [21] which stopped all financial assistance to her. In 1904, when J. R. R. Tolkien was 12, his mother died of acute diabetes at Fern Cottage in Rednal, which she was renting. She was then about 34 years of age, about as old as a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 could survive without treatment— insulin would not be discovered until 1921, two decades later. Nine years after her death, Tolkien wrote, "My own dear mother was a martyr indeed, and it is not to everybody that God grants so easy a way to his great gifts as he did to Hilary and myself, giving us a mother who killed herself with labour and trouble to ensure us keeping the faith." [21]Tolkien, John Ronald Reul of Merton College Oxford". probatesearchservice.gov. UK Government. 1973. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Absolute Verteilung des Namens 'Tolkien' ". verwandt.de (in German). MyHeritage UK. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013 . Retrieved 9 January 2012.

The Book of Lost Tales, Part II. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. The History of Middle-earth: Vol. 2. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1984. Tree and Leaf. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1964. New edition, incorporating “Mythopoeia”, Unwin Hyman, London, 1988. Reprints Tolkien’s lecture “On Fairy-Stories” and his short story “Leaf by Niggle”. After Tolkien's death, his son Christopher published a series of works based on his father's extensive notes and unpublished manuscripts, including The Silmarillion. These, together with The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, form a connected body of tales, poems, fictional histories, invented languages, and literary essays about a fantasy world called Arda and, within it, Middle-earth. Between 1951 and 1955, Tolkien applied the term legendarium to the larger part of these writings.This enchanting gallery was personally selected by Christopher Tolkien who, through detailed notes on the sources for each picture, provides unique insight into the artistic vision of his father, J.R.R. Tolkien.